Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These highly fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that arise from their fundamental structure and surface chemistry. Their tunable size, shape, and composi

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanocrystals with unique optical and electronic properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further maximized by tailoring their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the binding of functional groups or li